October 12, 2026

Atty. Alexander B. Cabrera, a lawyer and CPA appearing as the prosecution's forensic-accounting witness, continued under his earlier oath and defended his October 2 report estimating P817,874,867 in unexplained wealth for 2022-2025.

Cabrera described a review of SALNs, property records, corporate financial statements and franchises, AMLC remittance material, insurance and investment information, income-tax returns and their attached financial statements. His corporate examination concentrated on Metro City Chow Foods Corporation, GenCorp Industries Inc. and Cale88 Foods Corporation.

Cabrera compared bank balances against SALN cash declarations, using zero where no cash item appeared. He accepted that cash might be classified elsewhere but said that would not remove the total-property discrepancy. He combined the spouses' property under SALN requirements and presumed absolute community, saying no contrary marital-property documents had been supplied. His team compared accounts, used multiple reviewers and traced fresh inflows to avoid duplicate annual balances.

Cabrera assumed a 20% GenCorp interest from Duterte's SALN declaration and business relationships, acknowledging no document specifying her percentage. Using five Jollibee franchises at P35 million each, he attributed P35 million of the P175 million estimated investment to her. Annual P35 million rows represented continuing nondeclaration and were counted once in P817 million. He had no franchise agreements or store-opening data.

Cabrera used corporate-veil piercing to attribute undeclared income to shareholders, relying on tax fraud and leaving that approach for the senator-judges to evaluate. He could not establish that corporate outflows reached the spouses personally. He attributed Cale88 advances using the spouse's 47.5% interest and corporate statements, without loan documents, and described the amount as a receivable requiring SALN disclosure.

In substantive questioning, Sen. Francis "Chiz" G. Escudero separated P212,629,718 attributed to GenCorp and P142,198,690 to Metro City Chow/Cale88 from P463,046,459 remaining in the bank-and-insurance calculation. Cabrera agreed the latter excluded corporate components. Asked for a less conservative ceiling, he estimated roughly P1.5 billion using excluded confidential funds, the AMLC discrepancy and a higher GenCorp ownership assumption; he agreed payable taxes and other liabilities would be deducted.

Cabrera acknowledged possible repeated compensation and said correcting the roughly P14.37 million addition would increase his unexplained-wealth estimate. He could not reconcile differing wealth and tax table amounts on the spot. He later called the earlier P250 million GenCorp tax discussion theoretical, read the report's P158.036 million basic-tax total for individuals and corporations, and promised reconciliation. Tax figures were outside the P817 million wealth computation.

Cabrera said paired transactions reduced the Cale88 foreign-remittance figure from AMLC's P319 million to P222 million in his report. He had no foreign-currency deposit statements and could not trace conversion or destination. He described weak inventories, equipment and operating disclosures relative to Cale88's reported scale, and called rapid pass-throughs money-laundering symptoms while expressly declining a money-laundering conclusion.

Cabrera acknowledged that Duterte had not signed the manager's-check applications and the transactions preceded 2022. He called repeated year-end movement concealment and said self-payable checks created SALN receivables. Credit-card spending discussed was flagged for investigation and excluded from P817 million. He had interviewed neither spouse nor their accountants or auditor, and his report had no PwC review or endorsement.

Sen. Erwin Tulfo played footage he described as drawn from an NBI press conference and media reports about properties. Cabrera required title, address, area and related records before identifying them or deciding whether they were already declared or included in P817 million. Diokno had not seen the video and undertook to check it.

Asked about Carpio's P41 million withdrawal, Cabrera agreed it was a major factor in the 2024 balance decline. He did not know the contents of four closed safe-deposit boxes. He retained Carpio's Cale88 ownership in his analysis because he found no recorded transfer and said unpaid subscriptions obstructed transfer of title. He had no separate cash-and-check deposit inventory but said one could be prepared. He identified 37 bank accounts and 19 insurance investments, said check copies were incomplete and that he had not checked corporate signatories.

On Cale88's operations and transfer, Cabrera said the 51% understatement was a four-year average, allowed that direct labor might appear in manufacturing costs and described equipment, staffing, electricity and receivable/payable cycles as operational checks. He found no corresponding acquisition activity or purchase-price/payment records for Pikimong-Pikimong's reported acquisition. He said existing shares could transfer on credit but that tax clearance, financial-statement entries and transaction records were required; a GIS alone was insufficient.

Asked to quantify his reliance on assumptions rather than documents, Cabrera said he could not; his 60/40 estimate concerned work time. He characterized absent documents as evidence of behavior and said further records could expand the estimate supported by the data he had reviewed.

Asked why his report differed from the earlier AMLC suspicious-transaction discussion, Cabrera said prosecution instructions focused his work on 2022-2025 and that his examination of earlier transactions was only partial. He affirmed that he stood fully by his report.

In questions about forensic credentials and Isla Lipana's MFT auditing, Cabrera cited CPA and lawyer licenses and 37 years' experience, distinguishing organizational certification from government licensing. He confirmed his 2013-2021 chairmanship but said the challenged statements had not passed through him and the case arose afterward, involving two partners. He maintained that work under a deadline could still be done well and confirmed the December 2025 meeting with Mayor Robredo raised in questioning.

Defense cross-examination concluded and the prosecution declined redirect. After senator-judge questioning, the court excused Cabrera. Diokno confirmed that he was the last Article 2 witness.